(29)  TI: RECOGNITION OF EXPERTISE IN CHESS PLAYERS
      AU: REYNOLDS_RI
      NA: YESHIVA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY,10033
      JN: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 1992 Vol.105 No.3 pp.409-415
      AB: What kinds of information facilitate the identification of expert 
          performance? How well can chess players of different performance 
          levels identify the level of players who produced a chess 
          position, or the moves leading to it? Fifteen chess players with 
          U.S. Chess Federation (USCF) ratings from 1300 to 2210 judged six 
          unfamiliar chess positions taken from games between players with 
          USCF ratings from 1400 to 2600. The moves immediately preceding 
          the starting position were successively revealed, with rating and 
          confidence estimations made at each move. Estimation error 
          decreased as a function of number of moves revealed (p < .001). 
          Higher rated players consistently made lower estimation errors (p 
          < .01). Judges at all personal levels were more accurate about 
          positions arising between players close in rating to themselves. 
          A self-reference heuristic is proposed in which estimation of 
          expertise is made relative to the judge's own projected 
          performance.
      KP: CLINICAL JUDGMENT, SEARCH