(42)  TI: ERROR IN CHESS - THE APPERCEPTION-RESTRUCTURING VIEW
      AU: SAARILUOMA_P
      NA: UNIV HELSINKI,DEPT PSYCHOL,FABIANINKATU 28,SF-00100 HELSINKI 
          10,FINLAND
      JN: PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH-PSYCHOLOGISCHE FORSCHUNG 1992 Vol.54 No.1 
          pp.17-26
      AB: Five protocol-analysis experiments with tactical, endgame, and 
          strategic positions were conducted to study cognitive errors in 
          chess players' thinking. It will be argued that chess players' 
          errors can be only partially explained in terms of unspecified 
          working-memory overload, because the working-memory loads caused 
          by the solution paths are usually small. It is therefore 
          necessary to consider apperceptive mechanisms also, as these 
          control information intake.
          Subjects fail either because they are not able to see the right 
          prototypical problem space at all, or because they fail to close 
          them as a result of missing some crucial task-relevant cue. This 
          makes chess players lose their "belief in the idea" and 
          restructure, after which the apperceptive information-selection 
          mechanisms make the finding of the solution still more unlikely.
      KP: SKILL