(45)  TI: THE IMPACT OF CHESS RESEARCH ON COGNITIVE SCIENCE
      AU: CHARNESS_N
      NA: UNIV WATERLOO,DEPT PSYCHOL,WATERLOO N2L 3G1,ONTARIO,CANADA
      JN: PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH-PSYCHOLOGISCHE FORSCHUNG 1992 Vol.54 No.1 
          pp.4-9
      AB: Although chess research has not been a mainstream activity in 
          cognitive science, it has had a significant impact on this field 
          because of the experimental and theoretical tools it has 
          provided. The two most-cited references in chess research, de 
          Groot (1965) and Chase and Simon (1973 a), have accumulated over 
          250 citations each (SSCI and SCI sources summed), with the 
          majority of citations coming a decade or more from their 
          publication dates. Both works are frequently cited in 
          contemporary cognitive-psychology textbooks. Chess playing 
          provides a model task environment for the study of basic 
          cognitive processes, such as perception, memory, and problem 
          solving. It also offers a unique opportunity for the study of 
          individual differences (chess expertise) because of Elo's (1965, 
          1978) development of a chess-skill rating scale. Chess has also 
          enjoyed a privileged position in Artificial-Intelligence research 
          as a model domain for exploring search and evaluation processes.
      KP: MEMORY, POSITIONS, SKILL, KNOWLEDGE, PLAYERS, SEARCH, RECALL, 
          RECOGNITION