@Dם. ~37h j @Dם. ~37h j @Dם. ~37h j @Dם. ~37h j +D%85xQgqQ&}W od6n#oq9=m`5,pf!+h*_)%t[5+`!?!DIAGRAM ( white has a tactical point available, an idea which when pursuedwins him the game )( the bQ has very nearly run out of squares to defend e8 from... )uׁ!:Eչ.}z5W״? 1ĈUgen\ Y2!'CuKDIAGRAM overlooking...א mS͉&,睒OZ/N\k) BqMz`{G~jb]pJiEvAlYrWwN}LvDYQyspjDIAGRAMaV<\ً[Bޚ?4맹[JцMʉW 5!VamеJ.)L\}D Is1!DIAGRAM1-0 the Nf6 is overloadedwins a piece, because ifa painful discoverysܐ׳$MʇS FēW I֍KF MۃY 1J+Jㅹ`P SwDIAGRAM ( has black just lost a piece? )sPײ Q&5Tଜ#ohmd\`\r3 ˔2 ^ts̹v*qF]+L≰DIAGRAM ( black to play and mate in two )uׂ'A˃ Z̚YDDלKF MۃYjB7z{RLDIAGRAM plausible, but...s!Mveށ?郃C6deł-BD+olɇ' 4՘UqhXV &6]{|DIAGRAM this is a horrible blunder, but white has been getting in more andmore of a messu\ײ'EьJ U[ۀ^DAۍKF MۃY 6˄Iifv6:BԋakÞDIAGRAM resigns??and Black survives!u׳#%"5~jjo\`\r3 ˔2/.??DIAGRAM looks sufficient, but...1-0u]׻*@S.!r.v҉m JNd%:|+ P/1 2DIAGRAMa beginner's blunders\נ<-[ن\ MēW I֍KF MۃY kC:0_rσOL #kt^nJDIAGRAM ( white to play and win )( black resigns )sj$WJG+B Di;ne_ ~1I )A.7~ .\,R삮}E&DIAGRAM ( white resigns - why? )( so white has to lose a piece with 11 Ne4 )bB7 XAÅ!'eہtipvNkF aT79ZpА) #şjb 6h›JgT,Kd暬mR6,Ryua?7SuÆD>$DIAGRAM ?? ( black to play and win )??( I hadn't noticed that this stopped the mate on f7 when playing move 20 )( Draw agreed after tea: I had only 15 minutes to make move 40. I did thinkwhite might be better ( 2B + central control ) although ...Nd4 can't be metby Bxd4. To make use of the Pg6 I'd have to exchange at least queens +/-BB/RR )'¬ם+SF†!%xD2ej3M#bPᯢʎ5&z جysٔ# ˠB #A$~;~ю> JX nq#|< H@1U/{;1AtDIAGRAM ( white pins the knight against the bishop on g7, but... )u׵"%ڏnl;KJ8Mf;snI݅8,ڟ$5135,±<`.)DIAGRAM what has Black overlooked?sT׺$%4ܙȑ}p|lsX}_PVc>c2 ;H*QvX-DDIAGRAM ( black to play and win )bT3=.񰘅0u_{*ਕ? zrW;02KrlKQ,'$Qjԅ .-5dH KcQ@06-YI{`Ѐ.Mcl_RY71Ro|}r$Ǐ^zI<D!hg ϖ<7t{kzyX˘?ԯ_yؙ;( reserving the ...Ba6 line )( or 7 d5 )= polugaevsky-korchnoi 1980bco/eco! pachman+= bco! =+ pachman+= bco+= bco/eco! = pachman! = pachman?! ( building for e4 looked like the only sensible plan for white )( if Bxd4, b5! )?! ( allows ...Nxd4 attacking the queen and thus forestalling Bxb7 in reply )( I offered a draw here. White had been moving with a lot of speed andconfidence, while I was trying to reconstruct some half-remembered theory.MK has recently won the Paignton congress, with grade = 178! so disdainedoffer )DIAGRAM ( this looks like a useful intermezzo, but what has white overlooked?)u%CAOċ~+uׂEqit3CV2Q >[=[lEKQ?DIAGRAM??this was also the course of eales-de veauce, 1968!s Q!W Ea>vkI/s8K )ZDz?lg@ąn7~\ H`qçl< |CE4A|#DIAGRAM ( white has been a bit to anxious to force things - black now has aforcing line of his own )&ܜאK~v )7K{`ŗ/HD, Gg$ۍ" 6}]Gr$+oGIe5?\]t3k"k}Ic*iPNk %VDIAGRAMaא(qBsev?UXV)SFϲ͗ubfއz5#vM QN|&@ӲdQNnDIAGRAMs׺"PFă 8:ڇPsbm#JV2Q 1:/pz[|<CDIAGRAM ( white to play and win )bH״#]^Qfbâﯚѡ\NN2 7i/y[Ҏ!o<ڟK, :"tOJv1FDIAGRAM ( white to play and win )s݉![Ӛ,2ÑMZ/NOm1 ,ĜGsaxK[0=;Z}߅DIAGRAM "even the laziest king flees wildly in the face of double check" -nimzovich5Y׭$@V߿㤆lj%0:ďX|gf9D%Q R[}3WrZwDIAGRAM ( hasty! )( pretty to watch )+k;r:"= NLj-N\˅km 2Kƫ>v)snPgTB Wt: 4~9SC[os jR_ bv1DqQ{UbC=@qQ~0Y~B}J^uǰI mI/<%MaguFY%77 f9*yCC3[ 05'5eV0^9cK+&GCv٢YJsL; DxrO(3MDIAGRAMDIAGRAM a nice intermediate checkescapes from the pins with the initiative and better piece positions? afraid of ghostsaccurately simplifyingDIAGRAMdoesn't just defend the piece, but starts to eye the White KingWhite, who hoped to attack, errs in his defenceBlack has induced a loosening of the King positionand White is bouncing backWhite has nothing lefts[!X^S8l侱N3M*e6 4܏DkzmzW$*>J ~)DIAGRAM ( white counterattacks on g7, but black can win simply )0-1 ׂ̏=r;FLJj/Ob5m*QЃ)r*ꈕ jK$:|-XY\EB sR) 4?k,DWYv(dqH''f9GGDv&{oO1DIAGRAM ( white to play )sױ!Nۋ 7.@_"ZE|1 1ĎBr~]E%#.@}JDIAGRAM ( what has white overlooked? )s[#E<- –9z`e`WzSX19 ˋ2 "3?; DIAGRAM ( white has an obvious attacking move Nb5 - but what's wrong with theobvious defence Rb8 ? )aG׍$s0F3tr3]7 RDIAGRAM ( black had no idea what was about to happen to her - have you? )sV=$sފD?um:S 4\JJ㸝&'w_|u"7BB2 m1rHN!y+jkYش *JW( or 13 Qe1, Rf4+ 14 Nf3, Rxf3+ )DIAGRAM ( white resigned - why ? )_f= G"i3U!Ȥ<'3YP`sůͶ_L_" v)%% ILc%y3q$_oŃ% fA?.czy;պVꤚO@8d{Vu/ߨCEThis is awkward but White finds a superb trapDIAGRAMno need for this - Black is very tied downDIAGRAMawful: gives White an entry pointP>豖#6Ojo]AP G}>c6X_S+5 :H͸gdb#8RܤAN DIAGRAM ( white's Bb2 stares menacingly at g7, but the Qg5 protects it )( now the Qh4 can be deflected from the d8-h4 diagonal to allow Bf6+ )a= ^vsJW#" o_$_hu*DQ!nFg-DIAGRAMa likely unmasking, but Black has not seen far enoughDIAGRAMa^׸&\ً[BԇYQȁY܍_XNךY bU<-Du*ؙJ?GxoJpQDIAGRAMDIAGRAMDIAGRAMa׼>[ݞ'y-΍J㺺/  Cx? 0+jt`϶:K{]FN WtƺoDIAGRAM1-0DIAGRAM!0ײ‹?rdynPgSEPAt63s\[C +=[ L~=ش2E/N^ TvGb7N0 q]눼rǡixAu4iƾ# FTDIAGRAMwhen White is free to belt down the King's sideDIAGRAMDIAGRAM hoping to make a stand on c6, but enters the worst pin in the worldconcedes the c-file, when the Q can't be kept put for longelse White wins by Qe3-a3-a4DIAGRAM pin number two, down the c-file - worth another diagram. How canWhite increase the pressure?DIAGRAM zugzwang6,6NޚU F_ Rȋ\ݚMXцHKȌQM iW.4 ZOޟqH7yDϨy`0#}FUmZUf䑸5EX) DIAGRAM Black is in a TRIPLE pin; how is White to increase the pressure?Black's position remains precariousthe power of discovered checku׍!D}dc"E ['SJQ릛ȑr-cܒD2vk8Bhnܺo5fKVyD*Q˂3DIAGRAM ??eס+]Xׅ Mʌ3 ] A֏J C̀M_@ҍF a real-life version of the famous breakthrough``` P7Mcj+襣}ԇǎ%0ܴ;)UՉ8un#bTqUW od63kk7yc+ Ma8"tl2'ph*qh)tDIAGRAM white is lost but struggling - morphy finds a characteristicallyclear linet]װ wqH|vwp>FwƋ8&]V[5e & ' 3g * -(?DIAGRAM ( black resigned - why? )sVׂ"a܆|h}veO?NQVc>,4QAl,N ȈÅDnmbQ=@.1DIAGRAM ( black to play )1U.2'ߺ[R&'{<|VR@`s>s8USeŐ'+V Ld82S.@MP-%s4jBs<ӷ"V*QdkA˜Q}ܼF,BA'DIAGRAM ( now white jumps at the chance to rid himself of the bold pawn at c3,but there is a sting in the tail... )( there is now a very pretty unveiling )DIAGRAMs֥׺!Wu:/쀘!Z O'2J\ԟʏ,9i4 џƖ0o}bb ,ʝHgnmB T*&J ɄDIAGRAM ( white resigns - why ? )s׻>}Cn+Eʿ]ԇ;p,.݋ī0im#jPtOIE%AƠm"a[';[h,`UDIAGRAM ( black resigns - why? )b׺!I6^R鳜ȇ;):ڇPstg;P fWFEȋ:bpݔ YC@ eH?BDIAGRAM ( black to play and win )s׵3);1Tڗ5~jjo\`\r3 ˔2 Jo($_*fӍGwm{1~-PᔬxV6 weDIAGRAM ( black resigned - why ? )k>=K~)ށ+^)Qxlߏ)֬D4 ʒOqn{\D-4$ N؀K2>ׁQqbz_ADIAGRAM ( black has been struggling to mess white up but white has beenplaying a straight bat - until now! )... 0-1a׾,3Cכ] IۜYX\ݛZL]ZȣX%is this possible?DIAGRAMP f 0 aא$Cכ] IۜYX\ݛ[ L]ZȣX% vَ,OC $ 9j0Bʪraך'K]$ X /&w3Xnzaׯ%="%ihs{[ كFt.Ubut...else White is a piece down!!6?r}y{[ Q YY @}, I?gives White a strong attackwinawer-steinitz, nuremburg 1896UAך(Vڅ8m -渇4 H29\ڥaAױ+'Sx=[Y๖'qR P_ 8=?threat Qxf7missing the threat...aW׊) Yօ"{,ړOW $  Go4 ^@ ݀hthreat Qxf7aA׊*'Sx=[@'qR ͘>uthreat Qxf7a_׊'S7%ihs{[ ~J,D30threats Nd5 & f4aOך#2b/eג?@] *P퉶r' HTyΦ9a^&?"uRz=TQக'f^ 9$pdAJu.`Z5hI(better is Nf3)artificial: better is ...Nxc3 & ...Be7aOך+M aUO򢲗Ŏ<& º~tPך'*S NﷆŸB kX<7xjNaO s\Lciwi-W /e"JFwV沑'aCװ=/"e8|>OQ\O pmrM j.!-nȕ-*Ɨ^\ewsUbernstein's variationwinninga ך(+ %K gX-Qv yQa ו=ț縝6~ 8M/\톴rK+\SX_ ϽE*_>'n?a ׄ#ț縝6~ ݂&לNhAk double attacka׬&S~z1!nm*){c:& ~"SJc) threat Nxf7the Fried Liver?a׬$qXލ"o?3ǁ? QN|9IڦgFs`>threat Nxf7the Fried Liver?a״)g7ȁfyhplW ԆtIthreat Nxf7missing the threatד#iP ^Sq+訠CI )0.?, :HҴ jF-&]NzO֮+-a ך((x3k܄(I] =PI Black denies White the model centre with pawns on e4 and d4 Black has an extra central pawn but lacks space and a move or two ofdevelopment. Black will try and restrain White by hitting at the e-pawn. The Morra Gambit, where White sacrifices a pawn for speedy development.aX7#-ϴ6up9Q֟f PL8}>5>QrvE The Queen's Gambit. Black cannot keep the pawn so usually develops quietly for a while. This move secures an opening for the Black Bishop. Play is equal.a߀%S͐0o[q d`Q6 Black has free development but a little less control over the centre.a]z&Spl벺I+v  *x.LKu|%l. Black tempts the pawns forward. White has not attempted to hang on to every inch of the centre and is alittle more comfortable for the moment. Black will aim to play ...d5 or ...e5soon before White can consolidate.aC1(g8ij#e_vX a" ܄.UkvL Black concedes central space for dynamic chances. White can sieze themoment to attack the King's-side. A sharp game with opposite-side attacks will develop.a^$qEk\縑àq [}3=lMK` Rather than even things up with ...e5 Black sets up a counterblow with ...d5 A level game - even a rather dull one - has arisen.a֪#'2~K@G Ւ^9u <_bY Another counter-punching line (like the Caro-Kann). It is both better andworse than the Caro: Black has more chances to win, but so does White! White has siezed the centre: Black retaliates. White's central pawns have disappeared and the only hope for advantageis to hold back the e-pawn.aB0%=T7+T PENƋkLX Unthreatening but White has a range of plans available. I like the Viennaand think it's a good 'second-string' defence for juniors.Quite the best reply.aA%=78rK@G PENٯmKX A more blocked position has arisen, but exchanges along the e- and f-filesare likely.aA+'1 2~K@G :QfT9聗8I gH"  I think the Petroff is a great way for Black to avoid the stodgy FourKnights' style of development after 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3.This reversed Ruy Lopez is fine for Black: the pawn on e5 is no more underthreat than the one on e4. Black should castle next and play ...Re8.is the other main line, which is quite well-known to theory. Sometimes Blackcan get away with ...O-O-O and a King's-side pawn storm! About even.aDg!]cDsذWqrS 7xa[+-:?wk92hl1o This guarantees a more open game than you sometimes get in the Ruy Lopez.is the currently fashionable line. with an exciting game in which White is very active but very loose! Blackmust develop quickly and hit back at the centre.aA#˟ Rfr\ Another nice way for Black to avoid White's intentions. The main lineinvolves a gambit: Black's development is worth a pawn, but the Knight on a5 is not well placedfor a King's-side attack at the moment.a@!#ȗ0o[q Hp\9Y#2YyB A good open approach to the Queen's Pawn opening, and one which makes nopositional concessions. Rapid development and hitting hard at the centre arethe hallmarks of this defence, which make it appeal to sharp players. White's centre is impressive but the White pieces are huddled ratherdefensively behind it. Black will try and mess up the advance of the pawnsand then get the a- and b-pawns rolling to create a passed pawn.a&!Ab3/̊sOOh<_m k1%2 Ǝ굖:s`md -y.`23;')-50+2½ The BCF don't mention this but it is a tempting reply for many juniors.Better is ...c6 or ...e6, but White also has a tempting way to go wrong here.This is the commonest reply among juniors, but is incorrect. Black can easilyequalise byor 4.Nf3 (stopping ...e5) are better, when I reckon Black is best advised toaim for a Grunfeld set-up.alekhineaT֟6_FҴ1nSp9D'^z4hN\QsoXq: R, 9y#p@@DF?k%nLž''Y"]@c Black has tempted the pawns forward to within punching distance. Those pawns look great but Black is able to hit out at them.It is fitting that the White King dies having come too far forward in thecentre!0-1 cursoux-letzelter, 1977al'AW.)n}is8eN1,S Btnգs5 bC`_%T2 | I recommend the Dutch for Black against the d-pawn opening. Black has aplan of development and attack which is easy to remember and understand.a*A|S'論ϭYW+-/S6䝏. White can obviously play 2. d4, which is the ordinary Dutch.a+_ fTWԴ&yUsR[r9 awkward if Black wants a Dutch, because White has a gambit:Tries to sneak into a Dutch... this is dangerous for Black ,i֡yn鷔ˠD (Q}+%UOH}kwr/Id8*G[ :B(Qvs6.b!{@}\hAy3Hk!vb6ˬx2J9EJ~O0 `}Rx -ӺKǀwQֿ ͱMP+B"zgNۘ*{3꧸@9N3D l;moфn{+OJ rCZ)7Chʏ&l]N='"_НƉ67φMr{~\ ^6&%"...at the time I was writing a book...: The King's Gambit. Sp I had to tryand find out for myself what it was all about! I tried, stood very badly andwith difficulty managed to draw..."?!?!=+?!?!?!~?!?! (Nc6)?!?!=b6̏)s-瀛GYJ!Z7c4z}e\҃-n7ڟ`iBS#>-"wթ1ˊtm\{ L:>) @K+K DڌX~yW E: Fj݊HDjlw\m< 0NDNʂ6ÂIboiPh=4G.Ií I hated this game and immediately looked it up to see what I had done wrong.I have an old book by Shatskes which quotes an analysis from Botvinnik, and anew book by Ribli & Kallai. Are two heads better? They gave opposite advice!( ! shatskes )( ! ribli )! uhlmann-taimanov 1984 ? botvinnik ! ribli ( 9 ... Bg4! = botvinnik ? ribli - although there areprobably still finesses to be found )? ( 11 ... a6; 12 Bb2, b5; 13 cxb5, axb5; 14 Qc2, b4; 15 Ne4, Ba6 botvinnik ;11 ...b5!? seirawan )botvinnik-reshevsky 1938+= smyslov-radulovic 1964 ??aP%?߂ⶆ";fsdP}HS]v{+*K[NLi0 *e2VFY੊1 :AUL8"h>HO[1#jnƼu7% ,n/IQWm(k\|a_ul>u7zHƪF8x- %JEʼ&-@UXwy|t:AURr2 NBu9R~EF<> >S){Pc5#|i5CX\  *Q8gCH||h5}`*.$*2w4uBHʿJOM4"~UB>ݹ2Tnбu/ };jVx#ި_0Uh^2 vaP"С0P)@ The Semi-Tarrasch Defence to the Queen's Gambit (Declined). The Scotch opening From the Panov-Botvinnik Attack in the Caro-Kann Defence... ...to a position known from the Semi-Tarrasch! From the Sicilian Defence... ... to a position known from the Scotch!bϒ "'.Mveʰ(C.sٴF {y.leη|uJyloses the game: Black is cramped and wants to open lines to get his pieces outbut the only player who can use the open lines is White. The finish is verystrikingwait for it... Black resigns; for those who can't see to the end from here:e.g.b^֪<ّ渇$il#`MrPV 1s%˘'JHe>S r:O67;B_cl޹HAU5(0U]Nf5cp~ 3u% Black should get developed?! letting the pawn go in favour of more development We can see the damage done: the Black pieces still in barracks The Black Q-side pieces are in no position to save the King1-0unnecessary queen moves( and grabbing material! )b;u " ꮝ"i|od3OLA@e>c6R [;H!_2G3XE+B8FGr#D=B#^ Hp"_)X"|Y=B$_*WN2Q6E;#M$v*@7V%[84Z#j!])^>N9u The first Black piece is developed, but it is already too late. another knight offer finishes the game1-0 Black has sacrificed a pawn for development; White now grabs another pawninstead of holding tight and trying to catch up The few developed White pieces have disappeared; the Black pieces crashthrough1S K͚'2LL ⺳+Og7l_n~; X9R'mJ',}j?ѕ?r Zw Black now jumps the wrong way?Black gets another pawn, but has been too greedy Time to strike Black is sliced apartaY/&Cًر4mlonTvOIj(_t(c6YDe-S 6ˁLccY$89t when morphy faced this position he chose the superiorapparently neat, but not best from a contemporary game the superiority of the Morphy method is plainaZ׏&Ӆw; u ؽ(WLޛmorphy#=̏:ssO# Fk)$*_ȏ"u. od,&}q#{[x'ۥf=<{q 2Cwb*sr ? greedy White has an apparent initiative, but it has no body!bZ0>%xa#lMvROVba''QGUh1SB 7[۽r*rQg4D/tH1Ē(? moves a piece twice - not good, but not fatalthis is the real culprit Black has a pawn, but White has an open h-file, the attack, and the movebrutalb_և"j[̃!o-ꃓ\R<E{) ׻-&QJtrUD+$ hold the Queen backdevelop before attacking; pieces before pawnsmove each piece oncepieces not pawns(you are allowed two pawn moves) the Queen is in trouble: 10. Qxb4 Nxc2+ the Black pieces are in control; the Whites are in bed...`IՃ:|w!l+e2mDL@GMQQ@QIK@K L siϺHA$A97 in a blocked position, loss of time cannot be taken advantage of so easily.In this game, both sides re-position the knights.but this is a permanent weakening of the castled king's positionremoves the defender of the dark squaresWhite has completed development and can play for direct attack pounding at the dark squaresresigns`$א L# {2o؂#hYJnh2=m[73+z) $^ٻrb4oQjpP=bq)BBl`y%fFsql{H.U+Mꢱˇ`v,_|`g: 4ՑOtcz^b!"1C{Unot goodmuch more to the point: immune from Bd2, threatens ...Ne4the third move with the Q should have warned White to be carefula carelessly optimistic move: what right has White to be winning pawns?`[׌#Kc$"I )Riw(AvB6$ށ% sW(G qR*%Gb9*JvZyeuch`m-=ЭBNj ^.8{*UӚ"*붾O[JpNC`<{f pmwJ\( ZrvНDMRwb` so far, so good exchanges have removed White's K-side pieces, but the Q-side is still in bed the attack needs open linesthe Q-side remains asleep`֍"CZ}.&៖sHE+8 AϜф8T%& ɇԛ8uofm ?5~QJv/< White has offered a gambit but hasd little to show for ittoo optimistic - ...e6 was safer, keeping lines closed White is now nicely placed - Black must be very carefulexamine moves that smite - checks and capturesthis is a check and a capture!`l ]u>n:] OlyEʹB˓.x&$YÓqiljo\ ƨ*XT$wpN;;OdR7weakens the side Black wants to castle onthere's no helping some people^ > [}tr> #]L泞?b%טbgp? :Dȣql$m/Hխ &hW=p Morphy had many contemporaries who could attack as well as he, but more thananyone Morphy knew how to create an attack out of the opening through accurateplay. Here he already has a development advantage and the two bishops.keeping the initiative goingWhite needs only two more moves to complete his development - breathtakinglyefficient work. just the wrong sort of move Black's pieces are treading on each other's toes.a nicely-coordinated crossfire of pinsapparently dramatic... this masterpiece of economic development and slashing attack has becomerightly famous; the final position is very neatĞ#[}tr> -VNҕh,sD~cc8 $ 8$3=' White has a development advantage and a passed d-pawn, all in seven moves!a decoyB8\ԛӉ24%8&b5:9!V}T /F6]}R= vEz8_z??K a confused picture, where White's central hold is more secure White is offered materialbut completing development is more importantthe last White piece enters the fight, and Black faces early defeat Well, White's pieces are well-placed, but how to push Black over the edge? the White force is perfectly coordinated and Black is helpless to defend allhis piecesDֻ2o\ٚK ݋J5G܍_ M֙H]ʍ] /GAsif=>]Htu0O1đ This distinctly unclassical move has been a major line ever since: it avoidsthe ...Bb4 pin, allows c2-c3 reinforcing the d-pawn, and has a mind to golater to f3, while the Ng1 goes via e2 to f4 or g3. Black's king is in the firing line with little support. Black must make some concession on the King's-sideIn such positions, this sacrifice is a matter of technique more thanimagination. The gang of thuggish White pieces cannot be stopped.l9E~v͗/_* VAkȁ PvVbqށ! {]+WWOc!a { White has done everything right so far and the right moves have not beenhard to anticipate. His next is a nice way of proceeding with effect.Nothing has been sacrificed but the King will not be comfortable for a longwhile, if ever. Tarrasch keeps finding moves that mortally threaten the Black King. Tarrasch has a reputation for being a preachy old stick-in-the-mud, buthis play was often sharp and witty, and many of the lines he recommended havelasted to this day./|;݂2s$nhJvAHWt7$sEUYi< - 0: 58<?# White's advantage looks slight, a matter of a move or two. Black still looks solid, but now White is able to turn his space and bishoppair to attack. Suddenly Black is full of holes and dead in the water.:^o_&W K|(yR*2ꉛϮP(  hZ"pZ7Ѻ,F,Kcn#A3tct?/ X%[akV?icj #Ů (f׉ The Cambridge Springs Defence, which envisages a quick attack on c3, usuallywith a view to buying enough time to play ...c5 or ...e5.? Guards the Bg5 but ignores the Nc3 That this move was chosen is a measure of White's problems. Black has a powerful initiative, enough already to win a pawn. White must concede the exchange. The rest is an exercise in conversion. A nicely balanced Black formation using the White squares. Time to force a decisionojԨ8^L+Da,wiӋ"n?㣕C_j Km1>}N-u0Q ~U )v8{RN\m(e#3թN[q  3A powerful new move which has revitalised this gambit line. Garry Kasparovhas invested his chess with great energy and attacking flair, and has come upwith a stream of new opening moves and re-assessments.the attack needs open lines Black's pieces on the Queen's side are too far from the King. White feedshis last minor piece across:he must have thought he might as well grab a pawn, but the White formationis menacing White probably has more than one way to win this position. It's a strikingexample of the notion that every successful attack is based on the idea ofsuperior concentration of force against a relatively immobile target.the last straw Every White piece but the King is playing a part in the attack; no piecebut the Black Queen is doing anything to defend.*L>K tm3eNi6,}f7Ɣ y|,'v(;-|(3hjm5,}n=;4`u Ɠ[kzhBF>1":^$AqJ7¸ҙSD-[ White has an advantage in space. The following Bishop offer is well known, sacrificing a piece to open the h-file against the King.but that's the mark of the master: exchanging a defender of the King's-side,when the recapture hxg5 will remove the otherThreatening mate. how does White finish? The three pieces that can hit the f7 square andthreaten mate all seem stymied (g5-g6, Nf3-e5, Qd4-c4)... A marvelously energetic display.!֣83'}ڏS?hk;I%FCӌ36zׂ]{helRT 5\FA𷞆> +K؎p ~:V=죝;Gd@  ȁo!#J?! The only way to hang on to the pawn, but it would have been safer to letit go. (Nimzo did know this, but must have thought himself capable of thedefence.) White must preserve the Q having sacrificed two pawns White's major pieces are the main artillery in the attack against theuncastled Kingʛ߄*,FB>A.5pfɂ+t~ \)zaBaE${Sy~/!Fvd_d Ҫ#UFAꆂ|J%saBr<֨1O,Jf@2 Horwitz bishops, a persistent threat. White is trying hard, but there is little objectively to encourage an attackYou need to have the right to attack, afforded by any or all of (a) a lead indevelopment, (b) more space, (c) concentration of force near the enemy King. Morphy pots another pawn - coolly played! Andersson is running out ofpieces to attack with` NR(-y2v/ @NL&d#i>L7׊4!voȭH] 6k=B\uGprGǼ White must have thought his position perfectly safe. Black's next is a reinforcement to the principle that the pawns in frontof the castled king should only be moved when necessary. Black has a forced win.#f!! using the loose dark squares?! White's dark-squared bishop has little scope while the pawn is on c5...! a clearance sacrifice White has the advantage, but how can he break through?regains the piece while the attack surges onWhite has shed many pawns to open lines - any endgame will be lost, of course,but this doesn't feel like the sort of game that will last that long.`) BԈ-l_u0TYe,]`(乚:{P}2 ?ncIl8#jӢCMUIk8!! this is the only way with a blockadeholds draw with a blockadenothing doing yetprobably not enough now lines will be openedI remember John Nunn saying he remembered this blocking manoeuvre whenplaying Korchni, and used it to good effect. Perhaps a typical situation: how to open a file?P``%nfaĠb#H [)ZMߺ㦛”>,rԉR25p2Rk"s @㢆ǁh-f׈Xu&n?CV(ctȢm. t`K"I=Y"Dxrʡy}}yJ$R̯ ,QmoIٖ9%.{h Nˋ< o Jv|ԨNunn says he nearly played this move, because the position reminded him of aWinawer French when there is a Pawn on c2. Fortunately he analysed a linewith Qe2-b2 when the pawn on c2 vanished and the danger from h7 re-appeared!1-0"I had to resign one move before you had to resign!" -- KORCHNOI Black has the threat ...g5. How can White open a file against the King? 1. a6 is met by ...b6; 1. b6 by ...a6. Nunn, playing blindfold here,recalled reading Vukovic, and came up with:PP ``fN  bR3=ᨹLM]06c2mm JUIjvw-rE 2=!-/  )7+(!? there are lots of published short White wins in the Sicilian, but the longergames where Black survives and/or wins the endgame are not so often published!! provokes the final phaseb5PG>A4znkT:u,ڑZ & e>%hw+{h+;容!7vɩtR8nj.4a opposite-side castling and asymmetric pawns/files usually adds up to arace to mate the opponent's King. Both sides will throw pawns forward to openup lines for the attack.!!? ! exciting stuff!!!|0#O|vLe_̞nPs\PF' K`rmeI͏g{*WMC Nkz~[݁ qUH %?SxЉ,:tQtorO<89 Y} ޝ ˜ndcR*F '1ԛ jKsץ 0# White's attack is slow but has an important target! Fischer's next move wasconsidered an innovation at the time, making a pawn move in the area ofBlack's attack, but actually it slows Black up a bit. Obviously White must move the Knight, but where? 99% of players wouldchoose g4...The d1-h5 diagonal is left clear for the Queen. White does not want to lose the Bf4. Black is definitely getting somewhere with his attack, but White is readyfor the big push. Black's attack has ground to a halt, while White powers on.An unobvious move, preparing to go to e4.yfZ0wz,!4^1e^a+dJg:8 :ay|,hnm*'o(-8i, ~TW:M/-Jxk?h:zPSP%&nd8J In these King's Indian positions each side must look for chances on the wing Black makes the first threatening gesture. Black must prepare a breakthrough on h3.still not an easy move to spot for most of us! Coming, ready or not!It's easy to understand the appeal of the KID after such a game.e֬1穳ON jF c;pmߞ:{=ڈBIJ# ^Kz.iMs{H]+73k։ў6ܖPb{u]X+(~  The Closed Sicilian reversed. The centre is not locked but under mutualrestraint. Black must take greater care to secure the Queen's-side before going all-outfor the King: the centre and Queen's-side are genuinely vulnerable to White'sattack. The Black pieces circle like vultures.bJ׉8S\ʼnr'wك_|a"Q V.^ .CͰw`[;MȤg"cK9ƓY-( and resigns)Y7e&sS|*C{6S5,CὛȅ<4sSfrg$BXV#[礕ԇ< [(V?F5V7Z#B\%A+N,q$V=U8S _-O$uO|t@;H#J-J White must have seen the finish from heremagnificentVװ8 vl=&4Iu-ja,y|,&(6hzm,,"(&8/ comment gP]B Acikރ%^ dDhej͖)X(mp؅/ք\ !P,i͝lC dL~a͐ nS 3!rSZVrb7jUǯ.")d(eJVpo ko !0q!L"...something important had been overlooked..." -- NUNNgVn׬MD 1@mjŀ6Y h&Kdj? 0 Gg>"J L @m…>M DGBH T;6.ZpYʥd-pM2})? comments h׬Z4Xak{Wr8FƋ۰4*T\bn祤龗 "Mm4mԌm_ =oS\s* k_vt7 comment uʠM k$t/vӎ. S m|wv1@eŞ& YJ\EI`fpL_VZI[tSj`lCmVifW[mI`_a common theme in these Paulsen/Scheveningen Sicilian positionsStean won the brilliancy prize for this gameRך7ߊ尘|m`glK3UWTy:j!@D+6R\!YDi= ʼIq UJ%{P81-0mates in 5 I think, e.g.R0=ʈ46ko`Z{I I]u4j!@D+6R dEq Ѷ2V.f@=J#͘g_Q? a rook's first duty is to sieze the open files (or half-open ones) optimisticsacrifices like this don't take much thought...or 16.Bxg6 both winb ׍7~ZBy0E #az^w󰌘{u@43bLXh$7%ל!@D!J;}~ZBy0E 9%-=-771;%!?? (i) bN missing from f6 (ii) wN can go to g5 without losing the attack (iii) wQ can get to g4/h5 (iv) other pieces can support the attack $Wӹ:< "mMUW1$(>(='794; !=  8 1This is the only real alternative. Analysis by Euwe and Kramer suggests thatWhite's attack is worth a draw but no more. The variations and ideas are very typical and worth playing over.winsand Black is betterand White has nothing better than perpetual check?winsis about levelwith strong attackwins the Q+-bJ OetBȐkq0KQ};konRr^IP E5)y)^\[`U*zr[¡/ 2eX$Jf݅5نO}`xZH? *H h݊9ŏVq Tal has won with so many of these speculative sacrifices. Botvinnik is ahard man to convince...tal a confident move: White has a choice of limp discoveries Black has yet to consolidate, and offers a pawn in order to do soanother attacking piece is exchanged White's pawns are numerically impressive but practically ineffective. 왖֞3P,$Tڏ+n{jb`XJV+{&=Ps2ƥ2U'^כeK9o vWW l(@ࡾLMN$ wj a dramatic offer at the highest level of tournament competitiondeclined! analysis shows Smyslov's intuition to be absolutely correctthis key move was discovered only after the game; Smyslov's refusal was basedmore on judgement than analysis@Qθ6}Yfp\Yๆ5qOu?Wٮ!~Y4T O7䝄;Jf wX#š*o L3X P١umO: _ѻt} Black has done nothing to interrupt White's clockwork attackthis was the first time such a sacrifice was played; now, we would call thispart of technique White will recover his investment with interestS&U"JO+[!~Esep?OfQ GপÌ;'1˂ebog:G  nN?5 U˒L~[52@f}كr^ 78Cp߆rH2oҍv[=/DIȞq@'Fyԋ`K "9ZEasy to see, hard to play! Spielmann calls this a 'real' sacrifice as opposedto those sacrificial combinations where the hoped-for gain is clear and short-term.2-)r k+Fo4}kpљ+7࿲BF 8 /{o=s:Λmʻ>  H{(y* pZ%/\}ύzm 1Nl˪Oe3+_tÎ|e5 Ks̟} A symmetrical pawn position where the initiative is important. White siezeshis chance on the Q-side, which leads to the gain of the c-file, which leadsto access to the seventh rank, which leads to a King's-side rout. yeuch$ m!})C (s G泀" zӈW>Lm%R 7Wſ벗&!}Cwhm%RQB io#3`j+9Ik69lu'6Bj>a2:2x5#{a3+Fm9<|e!Mb:8@n+ ap9!`p4(hv6*tx-4vr4*no-+n?,wz2, Symmetrical central pawns usually mean drawish positions, but White has anopportunity to make mischief on the Queen's-sideAn irony: see the St.Petersburg game from 1914. The rest is a long answer to the question, can Alekhine win a complexposition a pawn up against the greatest natural talent of the game? answer: yesm١2iLֿ8L.voKˏ+tyÉZ]? @az62 skG7%XȠorF-’$G۽~O-L^ex` #KǨvuO- White is better, but the resource Kasparov finds is remarkable(the point) White has not sacrificed so much after all, and the Queen's-side pawnsare rampant)18@\xRFMVi:' LOlj!SNP׉.9,fT2p3#lW|RZAGp8c fTK%Z9mikӉt * hZ(-E4-fb_߹H Black's Queen's side majority is a potential asset but because it cannotyet be advanced it is mostly a target.Alekhine is always tactically alert Black's pawns are blocked and awkward. With the disappearance of Black'sgood bishop White's pieces start to create threats across the board, and theblockade of the c-pawn stops Black creating any nuisance with it.A symbolic final moveb-minority attack White has a weak pawn to aim at, while Black's King's-side feint has yetto produce fruit.may be inaccurate, but that is what open files are forBlack must try this move before White can gang up on the pawn the weakness on c6 has vanished, but there is a new weakness on d5 and thea5 pawn is still under threat%6 $.;}dž%H~Ocd9~>Ymb܀ճ4oABZ{ ޢ[E4)~3x`LX_|q ^#[#!Ca]ֻu4N_R>|5,M}|ۮg nIF4^* before launching on his Queen's-side attack, Black secures the King's-side the dam is breachedbU'ʂ+:.R>Z%^=jCkIˇ#{,Ξ=0XwiӧxgٕE"Á&no use keeping the pieces sitting around looking impressive - you must learnto cash in! Winning chess means: converting a positional advantage into amaterial one, or often exchanging one sort of positional advantage for another PIECE POSITION: open file & diagonal, knight outpost, weak king position,more space, control of centre, poor piece position, bad bishopPAWNS: backward pawn, isolated pawn, doubled pawns, pawn chain, pawn islandsPd``  ӝ\ Spn창@ T$0{ hU? (a AO p Black should aim to play ...e5. Instead, he hopes to draw the game byholding still and being quiet. White gradually improves his position...White avoids exchanges while Black is cramped. Eventually Black decides he cannot bear the Ne5 and exchanges off his 'good' Bc7 when his Bc8 is hemmed inWhite has the two bishops and an outpost on e5 (...f6 would weaken e6).It is the Nc5 that belongs on e5a weakness that Black should have made only if forced to! White is teasing Black with Bxh6 (that weakness); Black is horribly passive. White is on no hurry to try and cash in, and develops his last piece. Eachadvantage is quietly put in his pocket for later. Classic manoeuvre: when Black is huddled defensively on the K-side, thissudden shift to the Q-side wins. Black suddenly realises his predicament andlashes out on the K-side, but his pieces are too badly placed to worry White. Black has had enough, even though White has no piece beyond the halfway linektEF P&'b/qmLSkp5r6l̆9&] t g`j }|`t T5x oyiTPdd~~ZBˆ\y\ Zg4|_ciYllPxQfPnd wrru White has emerged from the opening with an advantage in this queenlessmiddle-game. The Queens are off, but the number of other pieces and the character of the play is more like a middle game. ! A little tactic (Rxf5) to keep a positional advantage - in this case, thefine position of the Ne4. Black has conceded the two bishops. White's doubled b-pawns cannot be attacked and cannot therefore be considered weak - on the contrary, togetherwith the Bc4 and the open a-file, they give White the advantage on the Q-side."Tactics flow from a superior position" - Fischer. White wins a pawn. Butinstead of trying now to swap into a winning endgame, he keeps his two bishops& well-placed rooks moving forward, so when exchanges come he wins quickly.White works with these little tactics all the time, not to win material, but to win positional advantages.White's tactic has resulted in another Black retreat. White has the advantage and the initiative on both sides of the board.Black has no rest, and the poor knights hop about in agitation. Black's pawns are split, his pieces awkward. There is still no need to swapoff in order to win the ending. Idea Bxh7 and Nf6+ White's pressure on the position is such that Black will even help the pawnsforward if it will free the game a little. We do now get an end-game type ofposition, where the play is concerned with passed pawns. A complete crush against a dangerous opponent.|j(54'#Z O㸖3.tהftk0H %[JŖ$btەYb&w%BB4FC X2NdU6M zNMj,x;[AXcR8e!d¾v ҥ2VސL'`)He`BfaԴF5qD㞡 zC8Np Ow'u+B^^#RxwBA܎{ڱ/H)Sx]*W~ף6$ Black now plays the final part of Capablanca's freeing manoeuvre. White has a temporary advantage in development, which is particularly clearin the positions of the Bishops. If White does not sieze the moment, theadvantage will vanish, and Black's last move gives White the chance he needs. This is the right square for the Queen: the rush of the f-pawn is prevented.White can try to support it with the e-pawn but by then Black can get sorted.with meagre chances for White - Euwewith Black's Queen-side majority being the most important feature of the gamedraw agreed, stahlberg-trifunovich, 1951 Now White can count up several advantages - good Bb3, good Rooks, exposedenemy King. Black may still organise a defence, given time.Now each Bishop looks good, but the other advantages have yet to beneutralised.costs a pawn:with good drawing chances=1-0 EQXLzka !T45dg?׆)OGN CVFB PE d=LH^ JN_[B'B{UȜ&F~=ƍB#TYB?! optically active but solidifies the pawn structure. Black resolves toexchange the Be3, leaving White with a 'tall pawn' on f3.! Black's knight is by far the better minor piece. Black's King's Rook isnot yet active, so...! The check on e4 does White no good; meanwhile the Knight on f4 (a darksquare) adds venom to Black's King's-side initiative.Qx P V쿙< Fa<"4BB5BY d]f[d\}B{@~HCeFm@k[oAoUrR^oM}kUr`BY}`heW White won a couple of games with this pawn formation: the weakness of the c-pawns is less important than the outpost on d5. The Bd5 is not bad - rather, it is the Bc8 that has no scope. Meanwhile,the b-pawn is a glaring weakness on the half-open file. First, White whipsthe Queen to a7 before Black stops it with ...Bd7.Undermining the pawns.Great moveBlack's Queen is over-worked.is hopeless: the Bishop, e-pawn and f-pawn are all under attack.s ִ5YrJM X[m6h|^gj'neUJxݐ; \Vqgfxwsf쉟fcmuxlv|{ l@r@xFy|o_wඟl$rq굟mDr is∟qqn G_qടdyj nnk g䯟nk el_kd lIaaa ...0-1 Franklin-Hartston 1965+= Averbach-Shamkovich 1966Euwe!recovering control of d5!!"Never start an attack until your Queen's Rook is developed!""He gave me the White Bishop, I got into the white squares ... and I matedhim!" -- YEDLINiB1#FKކ<2sފS`&*3o/7 PQɒ=+bY~iw$BB5B㢆ǁ ӕF\֬Ur/ٓQ ̋UQ +H\΁h^XtXBT RA2\]? Many players believe that opposite-coloured bishops are a drawing factor.This is true in many endings and some blocked middle-games, but often the sidewith the initiative can get a middle-game attack. Who has the initiative here?Without the particiation of his bad bishop, White's attack soon founders. the difference in the power of the two bishops is enormous, and White willnever be able to play a light-squared bishop to f3 to exchange off the Bb7QmJPf WO.6*U˘*u0^J% O#9qfȌ*:<J 2mYIx,'nErf(3SWP18܅#{PTt3D;dY~4 2 a powerful wedge curiously enough, the presence of bishops of opposite colours, instead oflightening the task of the defence, makes it more difficult because White'sbishop becomes impregnable TARTAKOWER/DuMONT decisive^Է -'  Fz6GI݅93svN~NJu ]^vk೽C 6sLFk) -bHGb mBCS:%xPm4 0nOr,(l The Bishops need open lines. White now trades one advantage for another: two bishops for better knight.Despite the exchanges Black remains cramped and uncoordinated, and White'sremaining 'bad' bishop has a powerful supporting role in the attack. Black is just about to get himself sorted, when...p"_Qϑ6j{Ӕ^;dk%If]F@r,rۈ MCS[PVQEZEJfJ_VLNUCemJVLLTMAWhite threatens to grab the Bishop pair - Black responds by making hisremaining Bishop bad! Black must make a further concession: in the event I buried the Bishop on g6and the Bishops shepherded through the Queen's-side majority. The Black Bishop is at last active and the f-pawn may move, but it's all toolate. The a-pawn cannot be stopped without loss.m['5 ٌʫ?;sfd;n'mAtCX@Id) BӆӒkpݱ9/Kņ괖 YJ\Eh``WB_dcdKL`SGdDOUYDJ]`SG[MHQ A club player might worry about giving up the c-pawn, but a GM knows howpowerful are the two Bishops in an open position. How would you feel as Black here? The end is actually swift.4nKJ9Dg.d* }2]Q>^Hg)veI :-KZ Woо p:L^F#E.-QgiMv*aH(^ 7Z]jѾf 9lQ*ϯE(:%hnTϢ}7-cXL4GL[ۣr,;kPD Already denying the Knight a central square. This is the recipe: the Knightmore than any other piece needs a secure advanced and/or central post. Black is now rather better.!0-1 englisch-steinitz Same imbalance: BB vs. BN.bidding for some scopedenying scopenot just tweaking the Queen, but denying e4 to the KnightpYY ZsݔWv|g{9I#A K좀ǎ!6݈m_ol% BGq jcKT<°>OųCO-oc`ܼ \p6wB[ !tQJl4ħ Black wins the exchange, but the attack doesn't hit home. The two sides strike their characteristic blows on each side. White's Bishops support the King, and keep a keen eye on the centre andQueen's-side. White's Knights are also fulfilling a dual role in attack anddefence from the central files, and in fact this centralisation of pieces iswhat wins the game for White. First Georgadze pauses for another, final,defensive move on the King's-side. A striking formation! The scattered Black army cannot cope with the manythreats generated by the combined White minor pieces.3! a.]稑:0G?\ؿt4]z|'G|-=?U=s kcJ>+Bުq~@L4ǡ\ưj)EE$Jġ qM30Pͤz yJ8 White has the same material but much better mobilised. Black has got somebenefit from the exchanges but has lost all three pieces that were oncedeveloped. White is completely developed and plans his invasion. White's centralised pieces have scope on both sides of the board. His nextfew moves aim at reducing the already limited scope of the Black pieces. Grunfeld-type endings with a Black Queen's-side majority are structurallyquite OK for Black, but here the Black pieces are so poorly placedSchlechter decides to abandon a Pawn in the hope of mobilising some piecepower. White's centralised pieces still dominate the board. They harass Black onboth sides and at first glance appeared to me to outnumber the Black army!$*FR@g<EKԟʕ(q,2ہƃxxlmuXHW nZ,c8gPS#{ q0 mc]^Os6nBd7 #0S%?!! Alekhine has a fine feel for the initiative.! Black's centralised pieces can defend and offer counterthreats( idea ...f5: 24...h6? 25 Rd1, Qc6; 26 Nxf7)( draw agreed in time trouble )&5'M&Ebg EhLIcwϋ;x(#kH-ρ"_-J#gË>E 3s@On7n{#bTc^ /_T gv3ˑ(vym-g3Ŗ-J\e3 White looks to have powerful pressure against the exposed Black pawns.Startling!(the point) when Black's coup has yielded a stranglehold over the Black squares. Bronstein commented that it is a tribute to White's defensiveresourcefulness that he can hold the game - two Pawns up!'7db!'SA׾&1:Rwtk5J8o^ WIJʇr,6ݖX{hev_!VFCŲ ?ROh#(=4cBR4$/qNGp3)~N]nLooks like it gives up the centre, and the dark squares like e5. But Capahas seen a little further... Can the e-Pawn be tempted to e6? Yes, if theQueen is distracted from the defence of d5... White has good prospects against the central pawns and dark squares.Pfleger and Treppner comment that the player who can conceive of such a plan at #7 has probably achieved all that can be achieved in the opening. We now see a cute knight wheel. White's campaign against the dark squarescan still be seen on the board. Black has blockaded the b-pawn. White may be able to force the b-pawnthrough in time but there is also play to be had on the King's-side.dark squares again!(impatient, but Black was being strangled)Xֹ1Bόʏ"mɼ(* їƍ䷐>t{ghXgT g6o>Z_uGJEfң3"1kx!x2ԞnYn(Whnot active enough Black already has some advantagethe final mobilisationvery cool... the bishop is too valuable to the attack to be wasted on ...Bxf1else ...g4 material is level, but that's all White's scattered pieces cannot co-ordinatewins 2}ݠ[5e?5~Æ# RDad#t0 Vc{fIY86:X{zҬ>*لQvxvqM:#:>]slate castling was a characteristic of Steinitz? Black's pieces can only stand around and watch the Q+BB bully the king}*֝7+A R(1d>w,VX@&f8r-NcΑuÑb(f+ޠ>D0'@R.{gl0_1#]|h0v_.?h7vgv>~/_gވg皼KI=7.r{e] ,_e'mt 7.A?cGHi8W?was better Black has been allowed a stand in the centre, but it may be only an AuntSally.? too slow ouch hoping for Nxe4, Qd5Stunning, but based on a concrete lead in development and nicely posted pieces)5ق8ul.vUuJRr-2_ "N1evXwQRRy:0ڲq@Ac?ڬc{LZ ryv0Q) A famous (and much discussed) demonstration of the initiative.to keep the d5 pawnnow any interposition on d7 stops the attack on d5hitting the b7 pawnpreventing ...e5preventing ...Bg7. All these queen moves are apparently against theory("don't waste time with too many Queen moves") but they are all to get Blacktied down before completing his own development.exchanging off Black's best piece no rush: Black is in no position to retaliate. White's vigorous play haskept Black short of the two or three moves need to untangle the position, andWhite is now clearly winning with centralised pieces and better development(!)1-0!l1^L|jK ]W( R 6܉$LI ҜYDߍT̨B\ϭf3ŖAa3٭hq DX Տ]-I3‚JPTNIksIusZOENƞWQLŀDRLdirectly contradicts usual opening advice, but straightforward developmentwould have allowed Black time to get sorted out - this move denies Black thattime White has been trying, but has he got anywhere but in a mess?the characteristic Alekhine touch - the 'sting in the tail' just as youthought he was pushing his luck too far White's material advantage is not very big, but Alekhine keeps his opponentpestered with threats throughoutthreat Nxc8, Rxc8; Qxd7+DւۄЌ<(\^Z %eO[b/>&bxN' &b_Xq" l4lyXn,6cID{& * It takes a moment to spot the sacrifice, but who would play it withoutseeing a concrete outcome? Black of course saw it and is calling White'sbluff. Mischievous! White's initiative persists, and Black still can't get his rooks working. And for my last trick:ג-Pz(&2\ LSd*JPʏ,#=7Y⭛qJz#n i2{]Sw; axYw;#n[Ul. 2FVpe2ڪ<[E[#p0-1ւ=6w_aov%HB^|Ia̓ EPrnщ#:Nr`{^\-=*Fw΂H[m How to save the f-pawn?! Can't be done, but Tal gives it up for a high price - scrambled pawns. In Exeter we say "KUFTE!" (King Up For The Endgame!) And there it is, nicely posted in the middle of a lot of weak Black pawns.!!Too late1-0oᱜ6c>*ǝ~GNx#_FXߎ$i"/ CLJ6;`m!QvVGTp6.FV'<}xջ$Pꇡ9;bjϛ pW1U Ք'pmE%ǾiʣxB=>>gm £ White can now force a weakening of the Pawns. Black thinks he can avoidit... oopsI pinched this idea from Petrosian!is also winningR g Pim8D+@cj *Vep- fn^B,;\t݄=< σZfgn O &9[Ydpٝ8ΜSbpzBQ.$< The first recorded minority attack, in the QGD Exchange. Later (andcurrently) popular, it was poorly understood at the time. The Queen's-side is full of holes. White's idea has been a success ingenious, essential, adequate eY&S~uR(,;[ iN =͠EXϐ?mi/K 嫼2shmf EtA}[m`kq`Itiuuz`s[e7YDxkFi}GJlLuNrJmJp\r\p\lyчxRlPhxZ`BzXpAiiC{_uCMB|\||7pD|M|Lz@}MCwEMpJMpM~KThe classic setting for the minority attack. Drumming up some King's-side counterplay.!! A critical moment - if Black has to go back now he is really up against theropes.The Rook on c6 stops the Black Rook on e6 joining the attack. I think theWhite King is safe here.! [The h-pawn cannot really be attacked, and with Queens off White can usethe King] ?Very neatWhite has a pawn and hopes of collecting more.Now White has a passed pawn.Offering to trade the pawn for a winning King raid.! Again offering the pawn, but again Black dare not accept.is rather like the game continuation:The winning clearance_ԲEJgERQ$JTL{q6~4UNc& ,Gbhٮ :ݜ^Hxm*H8..I+utD;ȊoouMB *=@v֎D΍^lThis is nearly always Black's fourth move in the Sicilian, to force the N onb1 in front of the c-pawn. Left alone, White may play c2-c4, stoppingcounterplay with d7-d5 or b7-b5, and removing danger on the c-file.Already making use of the minority. The move b7-b5 is sometimes a way ofthreatening the e-pawn, but more often keeps the c-pawn backward on an openfile.!?!! Chess magazines are full of quick White kills against the Sicilian. Whydo players bother with it, then? Because the longer games where the attack founders and Black wins the endgame are too long for magazines. Watch...? Now White has a weakness on g2 as well as c2.The weakness has been replaced by one on b3.The risks of the h2-h3 move is now clear.....0-1 vogt-andersson 1978 嗈u ZcVxfFT!!r}o܂. iGqMpDuAaQn[sQLpFf|WujBItKawP}A~{L White now starts a King's side mobilisation, more in faith thancalculation, but certain that the Na5 cannot easily get across to the otherside of the board. Taimanov might have tried to recycle it with ...Qd8,...b6 and ...Nb7-d6/d8, but tries to make a virtue of its post by aiming forQueen's-side counterplay.Kotov comments that White will welcome the exchange of Black's King's-sidepieces while the Knight is still stuck out on a5. The last White piece aims at the King.The Knight finally has its moment, but this is a swipe in the air.Bronstein ironically compares Black's manoeuvres to the Knight's Tour...Hugh Alexander used to say that blunders only occur in lost positions - acase in point!,n2Dʶ]I P<7 )v3|=uDab$40A~Ɓݏ<*\ i͘4ҍbddPR(?Hṗ&7ݍPpypP[ Capablanca famously remarked about this position, that Winter should haverealised that a player of Capablanca's calibre would never have allowed sucha move if it were good! Neither bishop is good, but White's is actually dead and buried, while Blackcan advance on the Queen's-side. Black is a piece ahead for the purposes of his attack.)]C%*{$j׈;CRC`c1n6B-ߌu<[G݌ SxZxMjTeKe^{UdZkPgGABbHaTusyw]eR`W}eTzRcIngQUxIr}MIj White has an opportunity to bury the Bishop. The best plan then is toattack on the Queen's-side, for, come what may, White's extra piece willdecide the game.! It looks risky to offer the exhange when Black has passed pawns, but Capareckons they will lack support.This is the prrof of the judgement: White has engineered a break and thea-pawn is still where is was on move 26.!! White has counted carefully.1-0 oO/\}1g'S̓:i7ڳ}"Ȑ8S_z*qy؅<:5ޮJ ['臞'RŵK iT 畔 j(io#4\ժ} f8ƮUg|%qtaking the d6 pawn loses a piece, but White has a great pawn sacrifice ofhis own The same theme as the main Smyslov game, but a more close-run thing.not ...Qxg3, Rd2!black resigns:boleslavsky-lisitsyn, moscow 1953ք39X0}Sc/wю5I`,R={H43\ ӕF\ܬ UF فSEiAs OGN0/kȚG@Ӝ N.ŗP[W~ ? Black needs that Bishop. White now has a simple plan: exchange off theother defender of the d5 square, improve the position of his pieces, andlook for the win!!! White now transfers his attention to the KingBlack's position cracks.!1Q<%[㴞nj3btǃYa&c?C2Aυ&-x dA\:OƯ=UR^ڸ s/pGN"z8Uokҹwwith winning attack There doesn't look to be much in it at the moment, but...%G>';wƃ`s`?U(PFӖ=66ԉyhk1RBf 't(AQB~#㶜mYUթ}6I don't know this line, but the active ...Bc5 looks inconsistent with thissolid defensive move So often the f5 square is the forward post for a King's-side attack in theopen games with e4/e5.resignsbAp=A9fSb9 @: R, Nap٤u8^S6H nZ~ծl 7MHx2 'Fw^ ! Nimzovich comments that the Pd4 is effectively an isolated one. Black hasblockaded the d4 pawn and the Bishop behind it. Nimzo used to get a bitmysterious about overprotection, but we can see that the d5 point is both......an outpost and a jumping-off point or channel for the Black pieces that canreach it, as well as fulfilling a blockading function.!! The knight on d5 supports c7 and can free the Rook for other duties. TheWhite Bishop isn't really participating in the attack, and won't unless thea-pawn gets to a6 - hence the last move.! 0-1 The d5 square remained pivotal to the end.BB-]ю%j'7 ݆? -BU j΂&ɃVylB_>!O&lSވ&̉Iy`iRN .= H yӟ<Θ`! Every White piece is queuing up behind the e-pawn, waiting for...! White's pieces control many central squares, and the Bishops have newavenues of attack.!?!1-0 tal-bronstein (STEAN)bAڜϒ.w; і!z~m!QrU wV9s? ;PR^8r7W qpמ?AW0VqƤ,VR6dɱ(SR.wtΧ,]S!}ӂ jgWlɴ/T5TWꙬ@P<z|I~-ӧ?H:ᖵbR9|cVl :β Pardon? Well, White's Queen's-side pawns are scrambled, so the only breakfor White is on the K-side, so Black wants to control the g2-g4 move. Another mysterious Queen move, again in order to deter g2-g4. In fact,Black so efficiently controls the King's-side that it is actually Black whoarranges the decisive break there.johner-nimzo. (NIMZO)ׂ0/5[K͇rYyDUI[V(UFÖ c [- s׸2G~v'^yj^!Ky'8jaNתm=zzhd;t$b/`Z3=NC+qYҺ JDƆQRĄp ɉI-Е2Bi̬mp|cz'2KSӎ C˜7C@۟ ,'o  +04s\y/"'q'Yw4R쿜Ÿ< _܂2+"O5K㢆ǁ :[:g퀾oN% CYV%Η<[:D'HyJm)eղ3W1QhaWc1Ӣ?ZoL{[=hxQa6к Black stands worse, as he is less well-placed to carry out the ...f5 break than White is to carry out an advance on the Q-side. This game is nottotally straightforward as Black's attack cannot be ignored, but the themeis there.? but this is not good when the e-pawn will fall. Not an attacking move as such but a move to get things on that sideresolved before turning his attention to the Queen's-side.when the Q-file, long diagonal and d5 outpost all become too hot for Black tohandle.now Black is stuck on the K-side, White returns to the Q-side was better, but not ...Ra7; fxe5, dxe5; Nxe5Black must do something, and while the White R is over the other side is asgood a time as any - if not, White wins by Ra7, c5, etc.!?when Black is in all sorts of trouble.with winning advantageyfo0JKgSLZz/1쭐 L Y6 ]ҝ;u &KѰ৛|;Ko`R4"V1:7 ~TW:M/-JxkѿHh:zPS6P+%&n[d8J Each side has their own private arena for action.The real Grandmaster touch.It's easy to see the appeal of the KID after such a game.eg{TI> V,C+~ !P,N ^DAh-܈- d'mH>lM !|h͝ 4~&WK_p(gJES-Y^@\{?dH= #Uis the line these days The majestic pawn advances we have seen before are pre-empted by theoutbreak of a dogfight between the pieces. Black's King's-side chances now materialise.(a vacating sacrifice)a]j=0$ ȍ9odboUrUM]1s\[~ x<ȬXTʆ#mg pI1j]IG!nJuH(W+aFWS$y ,b5u= ӷJUQqm  Among its other points is the temptation of the K-side pawns. Exchanging off the good Bishop. Black's natural break with ...f5 willleave White a fine outpost on e4.?gives Black some dark sqaures to chew on. The Knights look pretty but are lonely. Petrosian, as always, mops up anyhint of pressure.b3,Nc4,Nb5 No rush - Black's position has weaknesses without compensating counterplay.The f-pawn and Bg7 look pretty sick, and White can also think about acampaign against d6. Black should sit tight and wait for White to commit toa plan......but not give up a pawn for nothing. It's amazing how many of Petrosian'sopponents crack under the strain of watching Petrosian quietly improve hisposition while they have no play (see Fischer's comments in M60MG). The position is a testament to the success of the white-square campaign. Yk%7C2AC`mˋ>Y'T`eŠ% /V9$-X+nh͇'^ /_T gv3ˑ(vym-g3Ŗ-J\e߳ White looks to have powerful pressure against the exposed Black pawns.Startling!(the point) when Black's coup has yielded a stranglehold over the Black squares.'7dbJPՊv5 ̇:;!MXIUJZ{ eQV R+> Dƕ ?ROh#(=4cBR4$/qNGp3)~N]nLooks like it gives up the centre, and the dark squares like e5. But Capahas seen a little further... Can the e-Pawn be tempted to e6? Yes, if theQueen is distracted from the defence of d5... White has good prospects against the central pawns and dark squares.Pfleger and Treppner comment that the player who can conceive of such a plan at #7 has probably achieved all that can be achieved in the opening. We now see a cute knight wheel. White's campaign against the dark squarescan still be seen on the board. Black has blockaded the b-pawn. White may be able to force the b-pawnthrough in time but there is also play to be had on the King's-side.dark squares again!(impatient, but Black was being strangled)a.^|ww~7T~6*W l %Z_*We?3pǐ"A(hint) Remove pairs of pieces of equal value (e.g. Ra1/Rh8, Nb1/Bf8) until theremaining position is as favourable to White as you can make itSB5f`f`ʜa.'1dSau"3 C5SQҫ"#x܏Q2vp9JfAGIJ칀э6 everything else helps Black defend - now the wN will come to d5 unopposedf`f` jO&yb<8}|*&4(" hd9/"(hyl7.wz5&81<8ix O$5[ԩg&wY%ƍ :\ӯd cA48ne`X<Ɣ.Dm Black's next move is a mistake, for it leaves him without a good plan.See Najdorf-Geller m֘<(rݔUcn:TB^a2gܯȌkBWc24EbjŊ+I) Jx$ÂlE tW1 3n2LVPf:mGSAǴ, # assessment and planu-SEz:3#\@n/⥣D^ɋM9 ䷐4u}q`P|EAVr> 7I9Z9L)U2p!A*H8O8R5rZ&|&U|_+C Z>Q8_!U+z)M.H*_2Wp5V4F E>V/K47{>HxGJtN 27. Rxf3!? was discussed. "Sacrifice? Why? There is a regroupingimmediately available that underlines the hopelessness of Black's position"-- KARPOV.  It does look pretty hopeless now...g\_ki8k,%#[N^xnί\  AG QGS _Y6TN{yiT{}8T;?5uz commentwinning~u0[Gg2->\F On+_FTɍŒbi'/ C$oylrK;exػ3J]cfA7w@$}۵6Zx;ws Many club players would dismiss this as drawish You may be able to see the outlines of what Botvinnik has in mind now.There is an open c-file, and White seeks an entry point along it. White's advantage is clear.ӊl@u_c^=CsB<_bB\qY~ת}_uBy jlФ4@鄡3pmܰ*KN46iWdz9QB0veҦ8OW+ce Т%prY%lb˯.UoI͞ʿBY4Rxh!J\?1R_Ÿ&Jؼp|AJY65{b!@G7wҳ* r\?s{˿:ZW30:1 0-1 Petrosian T- Vasiukov Evgeni (RUS)/2* ()*1956, Moscow ch 0"Petrosian... plays for control of the centre squares." (Fischer). "Forcing the exchange of Black's most active piece."and ...h4 gets rid of the isolated pawn."Black doesn't get a second chance."! Fischer "White constantly finds ways to improve his position." "Heading for an even stronger outpost on d4. Each time Petrosian achieveda good position, he managed to manoeuvre into a better one." "Feigning an invasion with Bh5, Re1 and Ne6. White has two wings tooperate on...""Panicking and giving him the opportunity to sneak in b4 when Black can'treact with ...axb4 and ...Ra8. Petrosian likes to play cat-and-mouse,hoping his opponents will go wrong in the absence of a direct threat..theyusually do "White has finally achieved his ideal set-up, but Black's game is stilltenable." "This Pawn sac caught me completely by surprise. It's the only line that gives Black any trouble."?winsl'\( Joe- L+Gcsd%Jejl 7Pek—l@!LCmi 3^G `e%,F`~'7_e<ź5TmzYo ɸ-@N?kqη<]U qۼ=ÕN6k|ԥ5_Sih˻6^T!Black inititates some unwarranted complicationsThis gain of a pawn ultimately decides the game. Black is struggling to hold the Queen's-side. comment mission accomplishedthe Knight is needed on c3 now to support the advance of the Q-side pawns, sowe have a little shuffle A slightly desparate-looking move. The Black pawns fall now and the winbecomes straightforward. љeH ZכVE]ύԈB AۀYA֏ˆHFԍIȑMց5mq6Dtx6-iv*1ld)%f~'5bb?} ,oXd#hu)=`p*-om.-ej+)m4+bu3& BRONSTEIN: "By move ten, Black should not only have formed a plan, but besticking to it too" KOTOV: "8...Bh7 was better, but while he was exchanging,he should have taken the opportunity to exchange the B" That poor Bishop at last gets of h7, but White's Bishops are already makinghay. The critical move. Black has some drawing chances based on the exposedWhite King and the presence of opposite-colored bishops should the Queens comeoff.No more checks: White's turn.fIByY4 ᯇ$pRz5G湚 tSr|X#r /_H:kn:[Ryyѱ;X4R>Rpө?J szߡwherV}FZu>3=H M<<jpӇUdJ%(j~u*NJ4Duؒ!R7!jfP U{b9MFycc 'VX⟭yX<'wϜ`g) QeCB $in Like a Ruy Lopez comment!!winsand Qf3+-=+draws, says nunnidea Rh1 winsuٌ' B_MatGB ",v1Hp S:OS~%Y3?ex3+4"O=WAsC"} Xpx=vAK!"an unusual move... gets an exclamation mark because White is S.Webb. I liketo fianchetto my KB in such positions, and this is the one move which preventsme from doing so" (if he thought Bill would play this, he would play 3.g3)which plan? f4/g5? g4/g5? double rooks on d-file? It's not much use knowingyou've got a good position if you don't know what to do with it!WRH: "Now the position bears a very strong resemblance to a Sicilian. I feltquite happy now since I seem to have spent half my life playing Sicilianpositions of this type, which my opponent, not a 1 e4 player, had to be less...familiar with the problems"WRH: White has made a series of natural moves and maintains a spatial advant-age; nevertheless I believe that Black already has the better prospects. TheBlack pieces... are beautifully placed to leap into action after the thematic...d6-d5 breakthough". SW: "By this stage I was definitely running out ofthings to. I still don't know what I did wrong, apart from choosing the wrongopening!"I would have preferred to defend the c-pawn, but 18. b3 b5 and 18. Na3 d5! arevery unpleasant for White.-+, # BBopening lines!no hurry - W cannot organise a defencedoesn't helpthreat ...Ba6+ & ...Bc5?I included this game here because I was interested in Bill Hartston's commentat move 14, but I have also included Webb's commentary on the psychologicalbattle.֖XMcٍ)šI+MmjlI 7LWe`- 8B~fηx,*rNA+Zm-v&od}Ӿn3aXT |!@u_d-bHM3Jh'9*iJy1In these Maroczy Bind positions, Black needs this break or ...d5.Black has secured an initiative on the Queen's-side. Petrosian has offered no points of attack and has made concrete gains on theother side. Bisguier has been announcing his intentions to attack for sometime, but where is the threat?cute: White dare not exchange. Black holds the pieces rather than the pawns (which have vanished) in Nimzo-style restraint.{%S5VD3ge(D\0`ԥ4E|3T^ 1K ^u5*-WW2}Zĭ White's Queen's-side invasion is obvious: the game now suddenly speeds up asBlack tries to stir up trouble After all the excitement, a quick body count shows White ahead\W1ņ涚#7m.o\wLFZ=:6tVZ Eny bU&č)Iѱa jO+Pq-o2XE:ls6 ƫqoaf!PwW D "eYe4'?>k_G#n1|߼' !0#uF|/aeSRF4q8]ZJCvzbI%&|!J]Pm(zaZL0 ,g8LZ`4or Qd2( I analysed 21...Rf6; 22 Qc4 idea b4 )(fritz fancied ...Rad8 when b4 to stop ...Rd7 allows ...Bxa1 ) You can tell Black is going to suffer. There are hundreds of trapped queenminiatures (see Tactics examples),A1F翜"sg?.u<9F;rZ}0\ٓ$y mq93mk},wx-1r])+aX)o%r]%&hf =Gc Tarrasch says: White will now pull the d-pawn to e4, attack it with f3,recapture with gxf3, attack down the g-file, and win. (I PREDICT THE FUTURE - CHESSPLAYER'S AMAZING CLAIM) All predictions fulfilled!8V U6wEqn/<H - Q椝ɉr,6ԏSa<">J[6 ;H6T,B&E%B \:I:W>Kr])&p.]$E>_Y&^$!=ʰu=b]58g6o&hiF[7gAfter playing 13.Re3 Miles spotted 13...Nfd5 14.Nxd5 Nxd5 15.Rh3 Bxg5 16.Qh5but wasn't convinced that it worked (16...Qf6!?) - Clarke also thought aboutit but avoided it. It does show the risks and opportunities of the Re3-h3ideathematic1-0 miles-clarke 1976 (Re8+ Rxe8; Qxe8+ Kh7; Bf5+ mates)a&7azov3C[!AM<16ӈton3 #A5P㟽xR,Rn@u$X bCd "A hacker's paradise" - CHESS magazine The Rook pauses to support the Knight on the half-open e-file We all knew that's where it really wanted to go. Resigns 0-1=AW G^gd3*b:w, W[ PK<ZW%A~ob_KE$dW֏Gz;.N|9!! White's domination of space is crushing, but Tarrasch needs a way in. Thefocus of the White structure is at e6, and here he finds a decisivesacrifice.!1-0 tarrasch-marcob'AḐٌצ+rjhdJcX (x5*2F d7SB JDęHVωD_ćOQOG)FDٙ \Dʟ XN˄SFܚXy˚ Black's lack of space will cost the game. White weaves his way in throughthe loose Queen's-side while Black's cramped pieces can neither defend theQueen's-side nor create counterplay on the King's-side.u& ][$BZCm?mzYSΓOW$NO.-wd sXzXtXe[dRmAM~YaV|N{C`B[xaCsAEyBsxX{ modest, but White is not so much concerned to point a battering-ram aat aweak spot (there aren't any) as maintain a flexible position where Blackwill be less able to re-arrange the pieces to stop White's latest threat. The point of using an open file is to provide an invasion points for rooks,although it's unusual for a Rook to arrive on the seventh, supported by aPawn. Black cannot bear this, but the exchange concedes a monster pawn ona7. Black's pieces are standing on each other's toes and cannot escape theattack of White's pieces. The Black Rook has nowhere to move to."@7N)i]2l@_fnw2q]ll݉1V Oyfԯ깽 1az[y/!VQk(!6}[o 1kvR?tRS/021mWGP>彿?dG][ !| the Anti-Stonewall formation: White has a Queen's-side initiativeseeking exchanges......but not finding thema gesture only  Black is defending the Queen's-side quite well: White switches tack. Thisis the key to understanding space - although Black can theoretically defendany one point, White can make the Black pieces trip up in their rush to doso. White has the initiative on both sides of the board: Black's cramped andpassive pieces will find it hard to cover everything Just when Black has had to cover the h-file......White opens a file on the Q-side. Black's pieces have to rush back, butget in a tangle because they have so few squares. a sad decision: now Black won't be able to oppose rooks on the a-file. This is the concrete manifestation of what I described earlier: Whiteswitching the focus of activity from side to side until Black iswrong-footed.White spends a little time wondering where to put his King; he has the luxuryof seeing how it looks on a few squares before the final push. the last ingredient for the breakthrough is the Knight Ready or not, here we comeelse the a-pawn will simply go after Nb3 this 'family' fork is decisivey` AHC̃.kǼ!.䫚?;RAtW|(J1("K[@ jy[܈΄ rP, ]~ؒTFa.'\cM{B-"orQ7B-8BlIn Black is solid but looks comfortablepreserving the Bd3 now Black needs some ideas White's advantage is settling into concrete threats on the King's-side Black has achieved an exchange, but at cost of weak pawns, which we alreadyknow aboutconfidence!Black reckons the Rook is a drawing factorand White gains materialUþ]Q/V^\g?pdI΋-dꋔ^_j B.-wd S499E~ދ&:ۖMMdF l=)!T.{/ІheÑ*.Ujp•ÐD)tCfypAF##6F ]! ! squashing the Black Knights White dictates the pace on both sides of the board. On which wing will thebig push come?! a feint to the left......penetration on the right......and back on the left, this move seals in the Black major pieces. Blackeventually decides he can't bear the bishop there and sacrifices a Rook forit, but for now the manoeuvre ...Bf8 /...Ne7 is threatened.threatening the pawn on g5Black's Queen-side pieces are obviously out of the main battle, but even theKing's-side pieces are as much targets as they are defenders.1-0u*$l67iV32?VUY%,i\@uo^biޯ̆ՏC "M+70pт?MCh, {.ߢ0C9mփt%|2rXd(摯Z(J戸AU) #}sHh÷5W EiA5G[@t>۠5_0SjD"vt@r4 One GM watching the whole match had been about pawns - isolated, doubled,bloackaded - so they might as well play without pieces!t+95@ෳ# o0>"[͞'t9ǍYMJˎpN; ^o9u*Sʂni.PJ5[N$ m2]aS>!Rja͍V.T !c Z/9gT 2:PO4ܺq s^ƛd~d^)vY:the position actually arose by a different move orderis similar to the gameright idea against IQP but too early This is the key move of the game, and thematic for this section. White getsaway brilliantly with it in this game, but obviously the downside of thismanoeuvre is that the Rook is very exposed once it is committed to theattack.or+- keeneordoesn't quite work as well*ֲ%Ik] CžȆ?5sӍFsql%Ro3&fDL0'wƊEftc"A  /_V+hs%pzK! uM9JS7Ġ7^܎Dieҥ4KP(qiʨ White's advantage seems trifling - a good Rook on e1 and the move - but israpidly converted through the charateristic d4-d5 break. White can see notactical opportunity in particular, but a general optimism based on openlineswith a strong initiative based on his more active piecesuj3ד$jeETȐqB'tdR3ZMbAa"= &=F@Eڊ׈(x߸4w9SK[nm T/Y$\ZE{\%Zg˿} This key position can arise from a variety of openings.with the e-file open, Qxh7-h8 is mate. A difficult decision. Kotov suggests analysing to a finish from here (!)& Ng5The exchange of Queens is a false comfort. and threats of mate are decisive. (Having seen the end, can you follow itfrom the last diagram.)k2Ze/"Ɵ&ZDj2S a…=xiuFљۆ%zjwhXix]!?Bj`L'̫KBf1@WIk[=s+pQ RČqz]` -A a firm blockade? that's removed the blockade - but can White advance it? the decisiondemands prior exact analysissӣ6dݕW|+R3Cn\Ãr#aܕCV8vB%W²̓7wA 8_dʚp^ 'XlۈDZ&>&W}˒~D ZF-a_!5bAժQ! o嗫@r@;bprovocative provoked! the Nd3 is an ideal blockader, and Black's defensive pieces are uninspiringtypical Petrosian cat-and-mouseshould have castled Queen's-side...White jumps at the opportunity to exchange off Black's better minor pieceyeuchthis Bishop has been out of the game for the most part decisive centralisationmating1'Ԣ@>|߼(3 Éح~}fs[f\@Ta:-˰!A E}8^ͳFވ kU&i>^<䃆2 3`tFΖ[8' '!P$HT^s-1r*Oࡅ+z4NDd4s4! ...Bf5 must be stopped somehow. The Queen is of course a poor blockader(the best is a Knight) but the priority is the blockade.(Nxd4 is threatened)Now the Bb6 is a poor match for the Bg2. Black still has bags of space butmust turn this to account before White re-arranges himself.!a move made in the faith that the tide of Black's activity will turnWe see this device also in the defence of hanging pawns. It opens up asecond front for White's probing rooks. !Another confident move, but White is still boss of the White squares. Whitegains the exchange for a pawn, and it's the only pawn that can stop theBlack d-pawn.!and Black has a choice of whether to lose his d-pawn on d3 or d2.Black is still swinging hard but still not landing anything(cheeky!)pԔ1B//<VyUn+@TԄ*r>2K02~z/!X}OI@Z. &gCF:T)-\o6d;Y"N-Rd^ =~)0XPϋ7o"Zokήb. zP0nAlburtlooks impetuous White has allowed a monster Rook on the seventh$֍ /:+2/43%.4```y%+073 `.h,#!% fn^W#%1:W(h ԐPWhy=#BDŞŅtLwAC>  Steinitz pioneered the defence of the Queen's Gambit Accepted, and usedthis blockade which is now recognised as the standard and best plan forBlack. This metamorphosis to hanging pawns is also now well-known.The tension mounts.An exciting finish.j՟~__$e" ȍ䩖?llbjIrU( 12c4LC +5 ׆В $Fzwը{ !EHVp4?& ZaVB 쏞,VX} BlͫP96hVN.M< Bim$b+= a well-known formation! getting rid of Black's better bishopavoiding exchanges, is better If Black refuses to exchange Queens, White can start a strong attack withh4preserving his better piecelosing his better piece. White now builds up slowly while Black has nocounterplay. In theory Black may be OK (Hartman says he's lost) but in practice below master level White will win these positions over and overagain White has two points of attack.+-W* C R&'{DppŪ mgP]$R?͊:M{}Ϯ j0lPwO*[=-I}uʨ the classic and critical situation: White has the better minor piece and aweakness to harry. Traditionally two weaknesses are regarded as decisive,but is the Bishop a 'weakness' or just a disadvantage? can White forceothers? White has optimised his pieces, but where next? Perhaps a King's-side pawnadvance would have been worth a punt White has transformed his advantage but allowed simplificationEuwe says this game was a turning-point in players' perception of the IQP: ifa technician like Flohr couldn't make the weakness tell, perhaps it wasn't aloss. The traditional recipe calls for TWO WEAKNESSES for a win in theending.x/cע &L Eꯆʗ34eٟ^ct!G V'AFk¼†7#{Yghv3V T^Ys+c6n@g>1Q [zG>qZ5fdWErLU 7p2CJRr$q&fk  6UVuover-optimisticobjectively best}Uֵ5_k/r)mڔ$Ki&r2|4UWl؋ݶoG [QvbҴÊ@ kK7&?t@dM)}zZwU܋*#xHxNN#5j3sqvƥ  "#w,l This well-known position can arise from a number of openings, including theQGA, Semi-Tarrasch and c3 Sicilian. Petrosian's method of playing forequality is now well-known.but difficult to win looks weak, but White finds it hard to organise an attack.fS1'}ډS`*t{S)Y߲﹁ō{^sDqg7(C㤖% {AJmHoD~ljMlzkQlZxYVlceymhoiqiS'bTgT Now the c-pawn is backward Black must undertake to advance it. The Rook stops the advance of both the c- and e-pawns, which means Black'sBishop and other pieces will remain constrained. Chernev suggests adding up the legal moves of the pieces of each side. Hereckons White's pieces are worth twice as much as Black's! We now enter a newphase, where a second front is opened on the King's-side. Something has to give.threat Qb7mַ9Fe8*~L D|<Eʩو{ڶ,J]>0ҙV8 pߋ>E];v|This Nimzo-Indian move threatens to double the c-pawns by Bxc3: White resolvesto avoid this.So the doubling happens on f3 not c3!?wasn't pretty, but Black has fewer trumps in this position!?? (But why not play this natural move?)(...Penny dropped!)!' 幚Y\(O"0>"UЎ!tw] > f5ro ;H6@2W-]=@,t%@'r4S:S?]=H#I-uW)B<_?\<@=D1G,A8N*)A-O&ON)J&Y-*Y'y(s%z)sH.B,_"Morphy would probably have been very much surprised if anybody had told himthat only ten moves later White pieces would be settled permanently on f6 andh6" here we are...'ձ1- ,'x/pÔ&NNd`9g6 -؀;:XRT5w뤧N/ d}7 E>'>A[^G1}*VBr3##))=#,",57<-#9 22;2>11 =2/:'mאIXPKg63I_Ղ!l;¬݉KUJ$@^Na/|f^/m0Ċ奄Z[ /_H:kn:[Ryѱ;ؚR>Rpө?JS szߡw JjFl!b!KTN*#zvUUH$9uӪh:ph5F #c7 Nimzo-Indian Defence (Samisch variation) Symmetrical English Modern DefenceCaro-Kann Defence Bronstein-Larsen variation Tartakower Variation French Defence, Burn Variation French Defence, Winawer Variation Ruy Lopez, Exchange Variationy&Sn] gN2r m( isolated pawn )( pawn island )( hanging pawns ) Nimzo called this posture "blockaded security"active use of the a-pawn was a Nimzo favourite?!... 0-1 rubinstein-nimzovichA'20Sru_{YcUbQ{Qg 0^wW0G~ðc_~׹ ,~&ROHs$hqa.  6bb\^@_o' 5"+?!! White is not well-placed to harass the pawns, while Fischer is making useof his own trumps.? (Nxe6) It's "make your mind up" time!?(oops)wX%ךu۶JZ.4<7u),MX]nr9neUOlu8B2CI;QzȚ,^Y;iz ݼ8NRn\ʶ?FF~y1г/HS&le¥*˟6gOHfkzP6Thܒu8BTSzr߯ j[+<,Dr؀Y(-'[d]qiA,$Mh͌Ffk4I6n4U!ꈖ0 YPfbͶ뾛ƭBTGT5.86q܀%SJ5%#j0UPhΎ& $&R{ˋ2ݐHmtm{n? ]nfʙՍgNgaOB3+"L tӎ6LgxW H8# @iЋ&ՍEzmkZ B7-'W{i There are two isolated pawns: which is weaker? Now there is only one. It is not exposed on a half-open file, so can Whitedefend?a typical preparatory probeBlack's pressure on the d-pawn cannot be increased. So Black opens up a newpoint of attack.Lasker said when he saw this that he was lost. Black has his two points of attack.I think not really a blunder, more a desire for clarity.picks up the b-pawn anyhow White still has two points to defend. Both sides are repeating moves: Capablanca because he can, Lasker because hehas to!the final push: Black creates a passed pawn poor White can do nothing`֞% [{Lx1.  Jk>č UuE3x ?S-N'u^b~M}4ݺZ&Lk? Black must prevent Kg4, so ...Kg5 is necessarythe game is drawnagain, Black is in zugzwang, and must give way allowing the f-pawn to advance;once it reaches f7, the bK must go to f8, and the wK can go 'round to supportthe other pawn.I x#֓h\EKtn֓F",y:%b! %WĤek@Ǯ3\СldG 䋀!KHd }@-ႄ)^ȧkK*憈#M˯f k@ White has the classic advantage of Bishop against Knight with pawns on bothsides of the board. Black also has the disadvantage of having his pawnsadvanced and fixed, with an entry point on the Queen's-side. Black is being stretched. zugzwangg'i]MSFȣ X%JћHHF܁H:j[ L[XOمL; Belse Bf4 and h5 frees the wKand Bh4-g3-f4white can make no further progress with the Bishops, so offers to exchange thestrong Knightand White eventually had to settle for a draw.Endings with the pawns all on one side are ALMOST ALWAYS drawn if the superiorside has 3 pawns or less, USUALLY drawn if he has 4 pawns the bishops are at their worst in blocked positions, and in positions wherethe pawns are all on the same side. Here, even an extra pawn may not beenough to winAf` @#ךXYi Hioč"̌A!A%$yD d JhmƒvbDw@%$8B 2vCP1\5-H|{̧ |:fy`;Q<-Itjƽd )(aWG)Z<+M}nͫg>cRA+[=9%HZ"M1"mB׎>JDabm=7Oߜ&= }j@/another theme is to exchange a B for N leaving pawns on the colour of the Ba ``:;NUOmd>o;U|yժ&?\ ՅuWIﲐɤs 5aX?M8]k̬{=`!!White cannot improve his p